The Gandhi-King Community

For Global Peace with Social Justice in a Sustainable Environment

 

Prof. Dr. Yogendra Yadav

Senior Gandhian Scholar

Gandhi Research Foundation, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India

Contact No. – 09404955338, 09415777229

E-mail- dr.yadav.yogendra@gandhifoundation.net;

dr.yogendragandhi@gmail.com

Mailing Address- C- 29, Swaraj Nagar, Panki, Kanpur- 208020, Uttar Pradesh, India

 

Satyagraha of Mahatma Gandhi      

 

Sr. No.

Year

Location

Duration

Cause

Result

Prominent Participants

1.

Sept-11, 1906

Johannesburg

(South Africa)

 

 Asiatic Registration Bill-1906.

20th May-1911Gandhiji conveyed his acceptance to the Provisional settlement between arrived at with Smuts.Satyagraha suspended.

 

 

2.

1908

 

 

 

To protest against the discriminatory law requiring Asians to apply for registration by burning 2000 official certificates of domicile at a public meeting and courting jail.

3.

1913

Transvaal area

(South Africa)

 

To protest against the imposition of £ 3 Tax and the passing of the Immigration Bill adversely affecting the status of married Indian women.

May-28, 1914 – Indians’ Relief bill passed.  It removed the marriage difficulty and restored the status as it existed before and also sought to repeal the £ 3 Tax.

 

4.

1915

Viramgam (Gujarat)

2 years

To seek removal of customs hardships inflicted on third-class railways passengers.

Viramgam Customs cordon was removed

MotilalbhaiDarji, Mahadev Desai

5.

1917

Champaran (Bihar)

6 months

To remove the hardships of indigo workers in Champaran exploited by the European planters.

The tinkathia system which had been in existence for about a century was thus abolished and the planters’ raj came to an end.

RajkumarShukla, Brajkishor Prasad, Rajendra Prasad, Anugraha Narayan Sinha, J.B.Kriplani

6.

1918

Ahmedabad (Gujarat)

21 days

To end the deadlock between the mill owners and labourers who were overworked and under paid.

Anandshankar Dhruva was appointed arbitrator and the strike was called off after Gandhiji had fasted only for three days. Arbitrator studied the case and recommended 35% increase. The workers’ demand was thus fully met.

Shankarlal Banker, anusayaben, Mahadev Desai, Vallabhbhai Patel, Maganlal Gandhi, AnandshankarDhruva

7.

1918

Kheda (Gujarat)

5 months and 19 days (10th Jan  to 19th June)

To demand relief for famine-stricken peasants of Kheda regarding the revenue dues to be paid to the Government.

It marked the beginning of an awakening among peasants of  Gujarat, the beginning of their true political education.

MohanlalPandya, Shankarlal Parikh, Vallabhbhai Patel, Anusayaben, IndulalKannaihalalYagnik

8.

1919

India

 

The first mass Satyagraha against the unjust Rowlatt Bill curbing the freedom of the Press.

It was the first nation-wide struggle, in which crores of people participated. The Indian freedom movement was transformed into a truly people’s movement. The period also witnessed Hindu-Muslim friendship to an extent that was never surpassed thereafter.

 

9.

1920

India

 

Nonviolent non-co-operation movement to attain Swaraj and to implement Gandhiji's 7 point programme including Hindu-Muslim unity and removal of untouchability by surrendering titles and honorary posts awarded by the Government, boycotting Government schools, colleges, Law Courts, and legislatures, by starting national schools and by using Khadi.

Disobedience movement was started. Gandhiji chose Bardoli in Gujarat for starting the campaign. Notice was given to Government on the 1st February 1922. However, the movement had to be called off within a few days as mob set afire a police station killing 22 policemen.

 

10.

1924

Vykom (Travancore)

20 Months

To demand the entry of the untouchables on public roads.

When Satyagraha entered the twentieth month, the temple roads, except the one on the eastern side, were opened to all people and the Vaikom Satyagraha ended.

T.K.Madhavan, P. Kesavamenon,

Shree Narayana Guru

11.

1923-24

Borsad (Gujarat)

1-12-1923 to 8-1-1924

To protest against unfair increment in the land revenues imposed on the people by settlement-revision officers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

12.

 1930

Dandi and All-India

24 days

To protest against the unjust Salt law by undertaking a march from Ahmedabad to Dandi and to demand self-rule by boycotting of foreign cloth, picketing liquor shops and taking a pledge for fighting for Swaraj.

Gandhi broke the salt laws at 6:30 am on April 6, 1930, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the British Rajsalt laws by millions of Indians.

78 Satyagrahis

13.

31, 1931

India

6

Civil Disobedience to achieve self-rule by breaking laws and ordinances and continuing the earlier programme of boycotting and picketing.

 

 

14.

1939

Rajkot

 

To protest against the breach of the charter of Liberty of the people by the Local ruler instigated by the British Resident in Rajkot.

 

 

15.

October 1940

All India

 

To protest against India's participation in World War II and to support freedom of propagating nonviolence as a substitute for war.

 

 

16.

August 9, 1942

India

 

Quit India movement for complete freedom for India and to demand immediate abdication of the British rule with a determination to 'Do or Die'.

 

 

 

 

Gandhi Research Foundation

Jalgaon

FASTS OF MAHATMA GANDHI

Sr. No.

Year

Location

Duration

Cause

Result

Participants

1.

1913

Phoenix Ashram

7 days

Penitential fast for a week for moral lapses of two immediate at the settlement.

Positive

Mr. Kellanbech

2.

1914

Phoenix Ashram

14 days

Fourteen days fast for similar reason

Positive

Mr. Kellanbech

3.

01 June, 1915

Kocharab Ashram

1 day

Fasted for a day on detecting untruth among Ashram boys

Positive

 

4.

11 September, 1915

Kocharab Ashram

 

Gave up evening meal due to some Ashramites objection to the admission of a Harijan in the Ashram

 

 

5.

15 March, 1918

Ahmedabad

 

For a rise in the wages of mill workers of Ahmedabad.

 

 

6.

06 April, 1919

 

 

First day of Satyagraha fight.

 

 

7.

13 April, 1919

 

 

Began fast for 72 hours for JallianwalaBagh massacre at Amritsar and disturbances at Bombay and Ahmedabad.

 

 

8.

19-21 Nov., 1921

 

 

Fasted owing to disturbances at Bombay

 

 

9.

28 November, 1921

 

 

Took vow to fast for 24 hours every Monday till Swaraj was won and started it from that day.

 

 

10.

12-16 Feb., 1922

 

 

Owing to the massacre at ChauriChaura

 

 

11.

17 Sep. to 7 Oct., 1924

 

 

For communal unity

 

 

12.

24-30 Nov., 1925

 

 

For having detected sexual aberrations in some boys and girls of the Ashram.

 

 

13.

22-24 June, 1928

 

 

Owing to moral lapse of an Ashram inmate

 

 

14.

20-25 Sept., 1932

 

 

In protest against the decision to setup separate electorate for the Harijans.

 

 

15.

03 December, 1932

 

 

In protest against Government not allowing a fellow prisoner to do scavenging work.

 

 

16.

08-29 May, 1932

 

 

For self purification and of his colleagues.

 

 

17.

16-22 August, 1933

 

 

In protest against Government’s decision not to grant all the facilities for Harijan work which he was having previously in Jail.

 

 

18.

07-13 August, 1934

 

 

An irrate reformer attacked an opponent of the Harijanupliftment movement with a lathi.  Started fast to atone.

 

 

 

Sr. No.

Year

Place

Duration

Cause

Result

Participants

19.

03-06 March, 1939

 

 

For the breach of promise by the Rajkot ruler.

 

 

20.

12-13 Nov., 1940

 

 

Fasted for two days for minor thefts in the Ashram

 

 

21.

05-07 May, 1941

 

 

Because of communal riots in Bombay and Ahmedabad

 

 

22.

29 June, 1941

 

 

For communal unity

 

 

23.

10-03 March, 1943

 

 

In protest against Government’s propaganda that the responsibility of disturbances after Quit India resolution was that of Congress.

 

 

24.

30 November, 1944

 

 

Fasted or thought of fasting for one or more days. Details and reason could not be traced.

 

 

25.

20 October, 1946

 

 

Probably on account of an error by the person who prepared the fair copy of a letter written during negotiations with the Muslim League.

 

 

26.

15 August, 1947

 

 

15 August, 1947

 

 

27.

01 to 03 Sept., 1947

 

 

For communal harmony

 

 

28.

11 October, 1947

 

 

Birth date according to Vikram calendar. Fasted instead of celebrating it.

 

 

 

 

Gandhi Research Foundation

Jalgaon

Arrests and Imprisonment of Mahatma Gandhi

SOUTH AFRICA

Sr. No.

Year

Place

Duration

Cause

Result

Participants

1.

10 January, 1908

 

 

Arrested for failing to register or to leave Transvaal and sentenced to two months simple imprisonment.

 

 

2.

07 October, 1908

 

 

While returning from Natal, as he was unable to show his registration, which he had burnt, his sentence was imprisonment with hard labour.

 

 

3.

25 February, 1909

 

 

Arrested, sentenced for 3 months imprisonment at Transvaal for not producing registration certificate.

 

 

4.

06 November, 1913

 

 

After the ‘great march’ he was arrested at Palm Ford, released on 7th on bail furnished by Kallenbach.

 

 

5.

08 November, 1913

 

 

Again arrested and released on bail.

 

 

6.

09 November, 1913

 

 

Arrested and sentenced to nine months imprisonment. At Volkhurst sentenced for further three months. But unexpectedly released on 18 December, 1913.

 

 

 

INDIA

Sr. No.

Year

Place

Duration

Cause

Result

Participants

1.

 16 April, 1917

 

 

While touring Champaran served with a notice to leave the district but was not arrested.

 

 

2.

10 April, 1919

 

 

Arrested at Palwal on his way to Amritsar and was taken back to Bombay where he was released on 11 April.

 

 

3.

10 March, 1922

 

 

Arrested near Sabarmati Ashram for writing three articles in Young India. Sentenced to six years imprisonment. Released from Yervada prison on 5 February, 1924 unconditionally after an operation on 12 January, 1924

 

 

4.

05 May, 1930

 

 

At 12.45 a.m. arrested at Karadi near Dandi for violating Salt Law, without trail was imprisoned and released on 26 January, 1931 unconditionally.

 

 

5.

04 January, 1932

 

 

Arrested in Bombay at 3 a.m. and taken Yervada Jail. On 8 May, 1933 as he started fast was released at 6 p.m.

 

 

6.

01 August, 1933

 

 

Arrested early morning at Bombay following his March toward Rass and released on 4 August at 9 a.m. and was asked to leave Yervada limits by 9.30 a.m. Did not comply, so arrested on 4th at 9.50 a.m. and sentenced to one year imprisonment.
Started fast on 16th August and was released unconditionally on 23 August due to serious health condition.

 

 

7.

09 August, 1942

 

 

Arrested under Defense of India Rules in the early hours of the morning following ‘Quit India’ resolution and was lodge in Agakhan Palace Jail. Released unconditionally at 8 a.m. on 6 May, 1944.

 

 

 

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