Satyagraha of Mahatma Gandhi

[Prof. Dr. Yogendra Yadav]

 

Prof. Dr. Yogendra Yadav

Senior Gandhian Scholar

Gandhi Research Foundation, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India

Contact No. – 09404955338, 09415777229

E-mail- [e-mail];

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Mailing Address- C- 29, Swaraj Nagar, Panki, Kanpur- 208020, Uttar Pradesh, India

 

Satyagraha of Mahatma Gandhi      

 

Sr. No.	Year		Location	Duration	Cause			Result		Prominent Participants
1.	Sept-11, 1906		Johannesburg (South Africa)		Asiatic Registration Bill-1906.			20th May-1911Gandhiji conveyed his acceptance to the Provisional settlement between arrived at with Smuts.Satyagraha suspended.
2.	1908				To protest against the discriminatory law requiring Asians to apply for registration by burning 2000 official certificates of domicile at a public meeting and courting jail.
3.	1913		Transvaal area (South Africa)		To protest against the imposition of £ 3 Tax and the passing of the Immigration Bill adversely affecting the status of married Indian women.			May-28, 1914 – Indians’ Relief bill passed.  It removed the marriage difficulty and restored the status as it existed before and also sought to repeal the £ 3 Tax.
4.	1915		Viramgam (Gujarat)	2 years	To seek removal of customs hardships inflicted on third-class railways passengers.			Viramgam Customs cordon was removed		MotilalbhaiDarji, Mahadev Desai
5.	1917		Champaran (Bihar)	6 months	To remove the hardships of indigo workers in Champaran exploited by the European planters.			The tinkathia system which had been in existence for about a century was thus abolished and the planters’ raj came to an end.		RajkumarShukla, Brajkishor Prasad, Rajendra Prasad, Anugraha Narayan Sinha, J.B.Kriplani
6.	1918		Ahmedabad (Gujarat)	21 days	To end the deadlock between the mill owners and labourers who were overworked and under paid.			Anandshankar Dhruva was appointed arbitrator and the strike was called off after Gandhiji had fasted only for three days. Arbitrator studied the case and recommended 35% increase. The workers’ demand was thus fully met.		Shankarlal Banker, anusayaben, Mahadev Desai, Vallabhbhai Patel, Maganlal Gandhi, AnandshankarDhruva
7.	1918		Kheda (Gujarat)	5 months and 19 days (10th Jan  to 19th June)	To demand relief for famine-stricken peasants of Kheda regarding the revenue dues to be paid to the Government.			It marked the beginning of an awakening among peasants of  Gujarat, the beginning of their true political education.		MohanlalPandya, Shankarlal Parikh, Vallabhbhai Patel, Anusayaben, IndulalKannaihalalYagnik
8.	1919		India		The first mass Satyagraha against the unjust Rowlatt Bill curbing the freedom of the Press.			It was the first nation-wide struggle, in which crores of people participated. The Indian freedom movement was transformed into a truly people’s movement. The period also witnessed Hindu-Muslim friendship to an extent that was never surpassed thereafter.
9.	1920		India		Nonviolent non-co-operation movement to attain Swaraj and to implement Gandhiji's 7 point programme including Hindu-Muslim unity and removal of untouchability by surrendering titles and honorary posts awarded by the Government, boycotting Government schools, colleges, Law Courts, and legislatures, by starting national schools and by using Khadi.			Disobedience movement was started. Gandhiji chose Bardoli in Gujarat for starting the campaign. Notice was given to Government on the 1st February 1922. However, the movement had to be called off within a few days as mob set afire a police station killing 22 policemen.
10.	1924		Vykom (Travancore)	20 Months	To demand the entry of the untouchables on public roads.			When Satyagraha entered the twentieth month, the temple roads, except the one on the eastern side, were opened to all people and the Vaikom Satyagraha ended.		T.K.Madhavan, P. Kesavamenon, Shree Narayana Guru
11.	1923-24		Borsad (Gujarat)	1-12-1923 to 8-1-1924	To protest against unfair increment in the land revenues imposed on the people by settlement-revision officers.
12.	1930	Dandi and All-India		24 days		To protest against the unjust Salt law by undertaking a march from Ahmedabad to Dandi and to demand self-rule by boycotting of foreign cloth, picketing liquor shops and taking a pledge for fighting for Swaraj.	Gandhi broke the salt laws at 6:30 am on April 6, 1930, it sparked large scale acts of civil disobedience against the British Rajsalt laws by millions of Indians.		78 Satyagrahis
13.	31, 1931	India		6		Civil Disobedience to achieve self-rule by breaking laws and ordinances and continuing the earlier programme of boycotting and picketing.
14.	1939	Rajkot				To protest against the breach of the charter of Liberty of the people by the Local ruler instigated by the British Resident in Rajkot.
15.	October 1940	All India				To protest against India's participation in World War II and to support freedom of propagating nonviolence as a substitute for war.
16.	August 9, 1942	India				Quit India movement for complete freedom for India and to demand immediate abdication of the British rule with a determination to 'Do or Die'.

 

 

Gandhi Research Foundation

Jalgaon

FASTS OF MAHATMA GANDHI

Sr. No.	Year	Location	Duration	Cause	Result	Participants
1.	1913	Phoenix Ashram	7 days	Penitential fast for a week for moral lapses of two immediate at the settlement.	Positive	Mr. Kellanbech
2.	1914	Phoenix Ashram	14 days	Fourteen days fast for similar reason	Positive	Mr. Kellanbech
3.	01 June, 1915	Kocharab Ashram	1 day	Fasted for a day on detecting untruth among Ashram boys	Positive
4.	11 September, 1915	Kocharab Ashram		Gave up evening meal due to some Ashramites objection to the admission of a Harijan in the Ashram
5.	15 March, 1918	Ahmedabad		For a rise in the wages of mill workers of Ahmedabad.
6.	06 April, 1919			First day of Satyagraha fight.
7.	13 April, 1919			Began fast for 72 hours for JallianwalaBagh massacre at Amritsar and disturbances at Bombay and Ahmedabad.
8.	19-21 Nov., 1921			Fasted owing to disturbances at Bombay
9.	28 November, 1921			Took vow to fast for 24 hours every Monday till Swaraj was won and started it from that day.
10.	12-16 Feb., 1922			Owing to the massacre at ChauriChaura
11.	17 Sep. to 7 Oct., 1924			For communal unity
12.	24-30 Nov., 1925			For having detected sexual aberrations in some boys and girls of the Ashram.
13.	22-24 June, 1928			Owing to moral lapse of an Ashram inmate
14.	20-25 Sept., 1932			In protest against the decision to setup separate electorate for the Harijans.
15.	03 December, 1932			In protest against Government not allowing a fellow prisoner to do scavenging work.
16.	08-29 May, 1932			For self purification and of his colleagues.
17.	16-22 August, 1933			In protest against Government’s decision not to grant all the facilities for Harijan work which he was having previously in Jail.
18.	07-13 August, 1934			An irrate reformer attacked an opponent of the Harijanupliftment movement with a lathi.  Started fast to atone.

 

Sr. No.	Year	Place	Duration	Cause	Result	Participants
19.	03-06 March, 1939			For the breach of promise by the Rajkot ruler.
20.	12-13 Nov., 1940			Fasted for two days for minor thefts in the Ashram
21.	05-07 May, 1941			Because of communal riots in Bombay and Ahmedabad
22.	29 June, 1941			For communal unity
23.	10-03 March, 1943			In protest against Government’s propaganda that the responsibility of disturbances after Quit India resolution was that of Congress.
24.	30 November, 1944			Fasted or thought of fasting for one or more days. Details and reason could not be traced.
25.	20 October, 1946			Probably on account of an error by the person who prepared the fair copy of a letter written during negotiations with the Muslim League.
26.	15 August, 1947			15 August, 1947
27.	01 to 03 Sept., 1947			For communal harmony
28.	11 October, 1947			Birth date according to Vikram calendar. Fasted instead of celebrating it.

 

 

Gandhi Research Foundation

Jalgaon

Arrests and Imprisonment of Mahatma Gandhi

SOUTH AFRICA

Sr. No.	Year	Place	Duration	Cause	Result	Participants
1.	10 January, 1908			Arrested for failing to register or to leave Transvaal and sentenced to two months simple imprisonment.
2.	07 October, 1908			While returning from Natal, as he was unable to show his registration, which he had burnt, his sentence was imprisonment with hard labour.
3.	25 February, 1909			Arrested, sentenced for 3 months imprisonment at Transvaal for not producing registration certificate.
4.	06 November, 1913			After the ‘great march’ he was arrested at Palm Ford, released on 7th on bail furnished by Kallenbach.
5.	08 November, 1913			Again arrested and released on bail.
6.	09 November, 1913			Arrested and sentenced to nine months imprisonment. At Volkhurst sentenced for further three months. But unexpectedly released on 18 December, 1913.

 

INDIA

Sr. No.	Year	Place	Duration	Cause	Result	Participants
1.	16 April, 1917			While touring Champaran served with a notice to leave the district but was not arrested.
2.	10 April, 1919			Arrested at Palwal on his way to Amritsar and was taken back to Bombay where he was released on 11 April.
3.	10 March, 1922			Arrested near Sabarmati Ashram for writing three articles in Young India. Sentenced to six years imprisonment. Released from Yervada prison on 5 February, 1924 unconditionally after an operation on 12 January, 1924
4.	05 May, 1930			At 12.45 a.m. arrested at Karadi near Dandi for violating Salt Law, without trail was imprisoned and released on 26 January, 1931 unconditionally.
5.	04 January, 1932			Arrested in Bombay at 3 a.m. and taken Yervada Jail. On 8 May, 1933 as he started fast was released at 6 p.m.
6.	01 August, 1933			Arrested early morning at Bombay following his March toward Rass and released on 4 August at 9 a.m. and was asked to leave Yervada limits by 9.30 a.m. Did not comply, so arrested on 4th at 9.50 a.m. and sentenced to one year imprisonment. Started fast on 16th August and was released unconditionally on 23 August due to serious health condition.
7.	09 August, 1942			Arrested under Defense of India Rules in the early hours of the morning following ‘Quit India’ resolution and was lodge in Agakhan Palace Jail. Released unconditionally at 8 a.m. on 6 May, 1944.