The Gandhi-King Community

For Global Peace with Social Justice in a Sustainable Environment

Prof. Dr. Yogendra Yadav

Gandhian Scholar

Gandhi Research Foundation, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India

Contact No- 09404955338

E-mail- dr.yadav.yogendra@gandhifoundation.net

 

Management of Mahatma Gandhi; Part-1

 

Management in all organizational activities is the act of getting people together to accomplish desired using available resources efficiently and effectively. Management comprises planning, organizing. Mahatma Gandhi knew the important of management very well. He applied it in his every Ashram and constructive work. He taught his every associate about management. Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “I am sorry to say that the management of these houses is far from satisfactory and consequently they are not doing a swinging business. I should like educated traders who have a good knowledge of English to go there, mix with the people, see the secret of their success and then return to India, open up branches in England and India in an improved style. I have been told that we stand a fair chance of doing a good business in selling carved wood and stones and feathers in England. Everyone knows how many feathers are daily wasted away in almost every part of India. Since they are a saleable commodity in Europe, we are wasting away real wealth simply through sheer ignorance or indifference. These are mere instances. There must be various other things which would sell in England.”1 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “I concede that, by a judicious management, it would be possible to have in that sum, if anyone thinks that he must have, not as a luxury but as a sheer medical necessity, meat once or twice a week.”2

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Other objections also have been raised to our presence there, but they will not bear scrutiny, and I have dealt with them in the Green Pamphlet. I venture, however, to quote from The Natal Advertiser, which states one of them and prescribes a statesman-like remedy also. And so far as the objection may be valid, we are in perfect accord with the Advertiser’s suggestion. This paper, which is under European management, was at one time violently against us.”3 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The masters of both the vessels, on learning that there was an intense feeling against the landing of the passengers, that the Government were in sympathy with the agitation, and that they practically failed to assure protection to passengers, and that the Demonstration Committee practically represented the Government (as would appear from the Committee’s letter to the master of the Courland, from their unrestricted interference with the passengers on board the s.s. Greek, of the Union Steam Ship Company’s fleet, which arrived on 11th January from Delagoa Bay with some Indian passengers, from the acquiescence of the Port officials in their conduct, as also from the willingness of the Union Steam Ship Company’s management to “obey the orders” of the Committee, etc.), naturally became anxious about the safety of their charge and were induced to parley with the Committee. Consequently, they went ashore on the evening of 11th January, and held consultations with the Demonstration Committee, in the course of which a document was drawn up by the Committee for signature of the captains which, however, they could not sign, and the negotiations thus fell through.”4

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “As I have not left in me sufficient energy to cope with the difficulties there, I have asked certain questions before deciding to leave, so that my way may be Rs smooth as possible under the circumstances, so far at any rate as the internal management is concerned.”5 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The list is by no means complete, but this is a fair sample of the powers vested in the Town Councils with reference to the management and control of coloured persons. If we are mistaken in thinking that coloured persons include Indians and others, we shall be very glad to be corrected, though there seems to be absolutely no mistake as to the meaning of the term on the face of the regulations.”6 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “I may mention that the management of the paper is in responsible hands and that great pains are taken to give the most accurate information, and to observe strict moderation.”7

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The sole management and control of the Asiatic Department is still in the hands of the Colonial Secretary and Mr. Chamney has merely to act under him. If this is so, we cannot help saying that it is a most extraordinary state of affairs. Even the Protector of Immigrants in Natal has far wider powers and the title carries weight and influence. He is responsible to the Governor, but evidently in Pretoria things are managed in a different way. A gentleman of position is appointed as Protector and yet has not power to initiate anything.”8 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The matter is clearly one of railway management rather than of legislative enactment. With all deference to Mr. Solomon, we consider that he hardly consulted the dignity of the House in bringing forward before it the resolution that he did. It savours more of pandering to the popular prejudice than of an earnest desire to remedy a defect or to bring prominently to the notice of the Government a matter of public importance. If therefore, he found in Dr. Turner an opponent going beyond the scope of the resolution, it was he himself who was to blame. The debate has, however, done indirect good in that it has shown that the Coloured community has in Sir Richard Solomon a friend and sympathiser who is ready to see that justice is done between man and man and who would not allow himself to be carried away by popular sentiment, no matter how strong it may be, when it is in conflict with the elements of justice.”9

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The workers could receive per month an advance sufficient to cover necessary expenses, and the whole profits could be divided amongst them at the end of each year. The management would thus be saved the necessity of having to find a large sum of money from week to week. The workers also could have the option of buying out their plot of land at the actual cost price.”10 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “We know of no non-religious organization that is or has been managed on the principles above laid down. If it succeeds, we cannot but think that it would be worthy of imitation. We write impersonally, and no one on the staff of this journal claims any glory over the matter. We, therefore, think it but right to take the public into our confidence. Their support would encourage us very greatly, and no doubt contribute largely to the success of the scheme. We can appeal to both the great communities residing in South Africa and trust that they will assist the management to bring the scheme to the successful issue that we believe it deserves.”11

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “When I saw that Mr. Madanjit could not carry on the paper without pecuniary assistance and as I knew that he was guided by thoroughly patriotic motives, I placed at his service the bulk of my savings. That, however, was not enough. Three months ago I took over the whole responsibility and management.”12 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The Managers of the International Printing Press have sent me your letter to them regarding the reprint of your Bhagawad Gita. The responsibility for the advice, as to the reprint and inclusion of the portrait, must rest entirely on my shoulders. I know that ordinarily it would not be considered a proper thing to reprint a book without the author’s permission. A gentleman offered to have a translation of the Bhagawad Gita printed for distribution among Hindu boys and other if the Managers printed it at cost price. He was also in a hurry. Reprint of your translation was suggested. The matter was referred to me and, after much careful thought, as there was no time left for reference to you, I advised that your translation might be reprinted for circulation in South Africa. I felt that the motive of the management was pure, and that when the circumstances, under which the edition was published, were brought to your notice, you would overlook any apparent impropriety.”13

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “You should write to the gentleman telling him that the account was sent because Madanjit wrote, if that is a fact; otherwise tell him that it was sent in inadvertence and that the management apologizes for it. I enclose for your perusal as also of Kitchin, West and Bean, if they have seen Mrs. Besant’s letter, copy of my letter3 to her, and even if they have not seen her letter, you may mention the fact to them and show the copy. Evidently, Bean supplies for you Polak’s place. He says it is well that he went to Phoenix if only for making your and Maganlal’s acquaintance.”14

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Mr. Dutt has, therefore, endowed the villages with control of their own management and has given certain powers to the headman, revived the village schoolmaster, and upon the old system he has engrafted real elective representation. The village Panchayat, instead of being hereditary, will now be elected by the people. It is a bold experiment, and, if it succeeds, it will form a landmark in the government of Indian States, and as Sir William Wedderburn says, it may well be that the British Indian Government may have to copy Baroda; nor, adds Sir William, need there be any hesitation or shame about it, as it should be a matter of pride to the British Government, which has, after all, given to India the present Maharaja of Baroda, and an administrator of Mr. Dutt’s remarkable capabilities. To our South African readers, a State like Baroda ought to serve as a help to dispel prejudices and illusions about India, for a country which has so much that is good, so much that is progressive, cannot after all be termed a country inhabited by savages or a semi civilized, barbarous race.”15 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Our correspondents continue in the same strain. We are free to admit that there may be occasions when it may not be possible to admit an unlimited number of friends to see passengers off, but we are sure the Railway management would agree with us when we say that the public are entitled to a considerate reply and explanation, whenever occasion arises to prevent them from going on to the platform. We trust that the authorities will inquire into the matter, and prevent a repetition of the treatment complained of by our correspondents.”16

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The Diamond Jubilee Library was started to mark the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria’s rule. The ownership of the Library was vested in a special committee, which was also entrusted with its management, and the books were kept in the Congress Hall. As the Lallubhai Library is not functioning at the moment, I saw the President of the Library, Mr. Ravishankar Bhatt, about bringing the books back to the Congress Hall, and he has agreed to return them. I have still to see one or two other gentlemen in this connection, and after securing their consent, the requisite transport will be sent to fetch the books.”17 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “We commented in a previous issue on the condition of the Hindu cremation ground.1 Some persons have construed our comments as intended to find fault with the management. We have gone through the article again, but are unable to read in it any such intention. However, to preclude any possible misunderstanding, we hereby declare that we have not, in the article, held the management guilty of any fault. As far as we know, they have been doing their best to keep the cremation ground clean and in good condition.’18

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “A message from a third town says that they do not mean to send anything because a certain community is not contributing. Thus, for a variety of reasons, money is not forthcoming. No one can say that a proper organization has not been set up for the management of the Fund. A committee consisting of about 25 leaders of different communities has been formed. Not a single cheque will be issued without the sanction of the committee. Four persons have to sign a cheque, and it is obligatory for the committee to publish detailed accounts every month. Thus, on the one side, our hardships are unlimited; on the other, we have with great care appointed a committee of management. What could be more shameful in these circumstances than to be unable to raise the necessary funds? This is a testing time for every Indian; and if we are found wanting, we shall suffer a heavy penalty. Not only shall we be reduced to a sorry plight, but even our heirs shall taste the fruit of our sin. Not only has the money not been collected, but even the membership of the deputation has not been decided on.”19 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “I informed him that I consulted Mr. Cachalia and other satyagrahis in the management of the funds, that a separate account had been opened for the fund and that a statement of all the disbursements would be published at the end of the struggle; and that even now Prof. Gokhale was kept posted about how the money was spent.4 And the Moulvi Saheb expressed complete satisfaction.”20

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “In this connection, we want to address a few words to our readers. We think they ought not to remain quiet. We certainly will not. It is not possible for us to look on helplessly when someone has come into trouble for reproducing what was published by us. But a newspaper does not mean only its editor and management; the vast majority of those connected with it are its readers. Will our readers be intimidated by these developments or will they do their duty? That is what remains to be seen. Everyone who reads an issue should try to get someone else to read it. The chief object of newspaper is to ensure the propagation of the views expressed and to see that they are acted upon. This cannot be done without the co-operation of its readers.”21 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Certain alterations have been made in the management of Phoenix, which I am glad to be able to say have so far enabled the continuance of the paper without the monthly assistance referred to in my letter. The Committee in London is being financed on a most economic basis. I have to make the same remark in connection with the offices here. “22

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “All the receipts from the Building a/c are being banked through Amies. The receipts here are being banked through Kennedy. I have not seen him at all. Please do not hesitate to make suggestions and give hints as to the better management of this account.”23 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “We hold that it is the duty of the promoters not to sit still but to open the school and manage it without the help of the state. Indeed, if a strong board of management can be formed, we feel sure that the school will better supply our wants by reason of the absence of state interference.”24 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The said Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi or any other Manager shall be responsible to the remaining Trustees for due and proper management of the said Trust; But we think that, if the Government are sincere about granting an aid to the proposed school, they should modify their offer by granting a certain sum yearly, say £1,000, towards the salary of the teachers, etc., the teachers to be chosen and their salaries fixed by a superintending board, consisting of Europeans and Indians, nominated by the Indian community and approved by the Government. This board could also fix the syllabus, define the languages to be taught, and report upon the working of the school from time to time. We trust that Mr. Habib Motan will embody our suggestions in his letter to the Government, and that the latter will accept them. Now that they are prepared to spend a substantial sum, the rest is a matter of tactful management and respect for Indian sentiment.”25

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “It is more than seven years ago that this journal began to be printed at Phoenix. We are now taking a step forward. So far the legal proprietor has been Mr. Gandhi, but the ownership is now being transferred to a board of Trustees, and the objectives which will govern the management of Phoenix have been precisely laid down. We feel this is a step in the right direction and we are sure our readers will feel the same.”26 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “In Johannesburg, the white workers in the mines had gone on a big strike unprecedented in the gold area. It ended on Monday. Nearly 40,000 labourers had struck work. It was all much ado about nothing. The cause was insignificant. Forty new labourers were hired in a mine. The management demanded a quarter of an hour’s extra work from them on Saturdays, which the labourers refused. The management insisted.”27 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Visitors are requested to observe all the Ashram rules during their stay there. Every endeavour will be made to make them comfortable; but the management will be thankful to them if they bring with them their bedding and utensils for meals, as the Ashram rules permit the stocking of only a minimum of articles.”28

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The plague of flies told its own tale. These irrepressible sanitary inspectors incessantly warned us that in point of sanitation all was not well with us. They plainly suggested that the remains of our food and excreta needed to be properly buried. It seemed to me to be such a pity that a golden opportunity was being misused of giving to the annual visitors practical lessons on sanitation. But the work must begin with the boys. Then the management would have at the annual gathering three hundred practical sanitary teachers. Last but not least, let the parents and the Committee not spoils their lads by making them ape European dress or modern luxuries. These will hinder them in their afterlife and are antagonistic to brahmacharya. They have enough to fight against in the evil inclinations common to us all. Let us not make their fight more difficult by adding to their temptations.”29

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “A defiant Memon merchant protested against this packing of passengers like sardines. In vain did he say that this was his fifth night on the train. The guard insulted him and referred him to the management at the terminus. There were during this night as many as 35 passengers in the carriage during the greater part of it. Some lay on the floor in the midst of dirt and some had to keep standing. A free fight was at one time avoided only by the intervention of some of the older passengers who did not want to add to the discomfort by an exhibition of temper.”30 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “There must be provision, therefore, for separate arrangements for the education of women after their attaining a certain age. They should be taught the management of the home, the things they should or should not do during pregnancy, and the nursing and care of children. Drawing up such a scheme presents difficulties. The idea is new. The right course would be to constitute a committee of men and women, of good character and well-informed, who would think further and arrive at conclusions, and ask them to produce a suitable plan for the purpose.”31

Since organizations can be viewed as system management can also be defined as human action, including design, to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. This view opens the opportunity to 'manage' oneself, a pre-requisite to attempting to manage others. Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Many of these issues arise out of civic government. We can clearly see from this that our running the Government of India is dependent upon our upright management of civic affairs.”32 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The Ashram is beautifully situated on the banks of the Sabarmati river. We daily bathe in it. All the children can swim now. The school is under an able Principal2 who was a distinguished professor of the Gujarat College. The Ashram, of course, is under Maganlal’s management. I do not know what is in store for the Ashram or the school. They are at the present moment popular institutions.”33

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “In the circumstances, the management stopped publication of the Chronicle. Thereupon the management of Young India decided to make it a bi-weekly, so that it might serve, partly, the purpose which the Chronicle had served and entrusted me with supervision of its contents.”34 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The management has no desire to run the paper for profit. Accordingly, it has decided to keep the rate of subscription as low as possible, at Rs. 3-8-0 a year including postage. This is the very figure which had been decided upon for the monthly Navajivan from its July issue onwards, with some increase in its size. A copy of Navajivan will be priced at 1 anna and the first number will be issued on Sunday, September 7.”35 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Cleanliness is non-existent. The lanes are full of dust. The general appearance would suggest that no one was responsible for the management of the village.”36

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The management of Navajivan do not run it for pro- fit or as business; nor do they wish to run it at a loss. If the paper had to be published at a loss, I would feel that the people have no need of it. But I believe otherwise. For those who are managing the paper, this experiment of running a journal without advertisements is quite new. Besides, nobody had any idea that the price of paper would rise so high. It was supposed, on the contrary, that with the end of the war it would come down. It was also believed that the paper we used when we started was good enough. Experience has shown us that it was impossible to maintain the files of Navajivan with this inferior quality paper. Under these circumstances, the subscription rate has to be much higher.”37 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Speaking to the Bareilly divisional conference in Hindustani on a resolution on swadeshi, she laid stress upon the deep poverty of India and her two chief wants food and raiment—and she said that if we did not know how to manage our own homes and could not make the two ends meet, we would be ill fitted to undertake the management of the national affairs.”38

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “It has probably caused greater slaughter of cows than otherwise would have been the case if we had begun the propaganda in the right order. We should have commenced, as we ought now to commence, with ourselves and cover the land with useful propaganda leading to kindness in the treatment of cattle and scientific knowledge in the management of cattle farms, dairies and pinjrapoles.”39 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Navajivan has completed one year. It has had to face many difficulties but, despite them all, it has been able to complete one year. I have not succeeded in all my intentions. Thanks to the difficulties about the printing press, high-prices of newsprint, defects in management, etc.,”40 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “If a dhobi puts to some other use garment which has been given to him for washing, he is accused of theft. In the same manner, I accuse the Government of theft, of a breach of trust. When we entrusted the Government with the management of the College, we did not anticipate the injustice it would do in the Punjab and with regard to the khilafat.”41

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “It is sin to read under their management. Students should withdraw and be taken out even from the Hindu University established by the Hon’ble Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. It is better to retreat from a burning house. I am glad to convey to you the happy news that a national school will be opened in this very compound. It is hoped that every parent will send his children there. We ought not to learn through the medium of another language even under self-government. I would urge upon the teachers and the president to appoint pious and able pundits and maulvis for imparting religious education to the Hindus and Mohammedans. In that school the students should be trained in manual labour as well and should be trained to spin and to prepare cloth. English ought to be a compulsory second language. I am confident that the parents would withdraw children from schools, primary or secondary.”42

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “When the people have one mind, ability of management, and recognize the necessity of non-violence, if only as a business proposition, swaraj is won. Finance is a matter of little consideration. For the Government does not bring money from heaven. It receives, to paraphrase an expressive Gujarati saying, an anvil weight of metal and returns a needle weight. And the pity and the disgrace of it is that even with that niggardly donation, it imprisons and emasculates the tender mind of the nation. Were it not for self-delusion, we would at least refuse to be party to the ruin of our own children. The municipality of Nadiad has shown how easy the whole process of nationalization of education is. Lala Daulat Ram’s articles have shown how easy the question of finance is, and how the ordinary fees are almost enough to conduct all our educational institutions. I hope that the object-lesson given by the municipality of Nadiad will not be lost upon other municipalities similarly situated.”43 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Hartals have become cheap, and are easily organized and, therefore, have lost much of their original value. But hartals for the two days have a significance all their own. And I would certainly advise hartals for both the sixth and the thirteenth April accompanied by fast. Needless to say that there should be no compulsion. The employees whether in mills, or elsewhere, should not stop work if they cannot secure leave, and no undue pressure should be brought to bear on the tram management.”44

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “I must however adhere to my statement that the lawyers were conspicuous by their absence on the day I visited Jubbulpore, and that the two young men referred to by me, were in charge of the whole management. That they are sons of land-holders is true enough. Theirs to-day is co-operation of necessity. The Congress has not yet called upon land-holders to surrender their lands to the Government nor is it ever likely to. These young men, like some land-holders’ sons elsewhere, are taking an honourable part in the national uplift and they deserve every encouragement from lawyers. There are no two opinions about the fact that intellect rather than riches will lead. It might equally be admitted by the correspondent that the heart rather than the intellect will eventually lead. Character, not brains, will count at the crucial moment. And I fancied that these young men showed character. I should be sorry to find otherwise.”45 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “A new Provincial Committee has not been formed for the whole province of Sind and there is no cooperation among its different districts, so I have carried with me the contributions received there and am thinking of making arrangements for their management through the All India Congress Committee.”46

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Whilst on the question of railway travelling, I must remark that there is still a noticeable desire to avoid 3rd class travelling. I am sorry to say that, being no longer physically able to travel 3rd class, I am deprived of the inestimable experiences of 3rd class railway travelling. It affords an opportunity of contact with the national mind which nothing else does. It enables one to render service which cannot be otherwise rendered. I would therefore urge all workers to avoid 2nd class travelling save in rare cases. No one perhaps knows better than I do the discomfort of 3rd class railway travelling. I put it down partly to callous railway management and partly to bad national habits that ignore the convenience of the neighbours. Observant workers travelling 3rd class would efficiently deal with the disregard both of the management and the passengers. There is no doubt that 2nd class travelling is not within the reach of the masses. And national servants may claim no privileges not enjoyed by the latter.”47

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “This din, noise and bustle was due purely to want of forethought, management and organization. It is best now to avoid all demonstrations a station. We must consult the convenience of the passengers. If there must be a demonstration, national cries must be regulated every facility must be provided for the easy movement of passengers.”48 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “The Bombay Provincial Congress Committee has come to a decision on the question of the management of the big collection made by it in a most business-like and becoming manner. I quote from memory the effective part of its resolution.”49

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “I am not connected with banking business and banking institutions and I know very little of the management thereof; I was induced to come here by friends and I am attracted here by their love. I sometimes come here to beg for money for the sake of our motherland. I have also to approach you for persuading you to abandon foreign cloth and to encourage swadeshi in which lies the key to swaraj. We should have the ability to carry on a big bank, to manage efficiently crores of rupees, in the course of our national activities. Though we have not many banks amongst us, it does not follow that we are not capable of efficiently managing crores and tens of crores of rupees. Banking business is carried on in our country for the last many hundreds of years. Our Marwaris are born bankers and they would have managed not only crores but hundreds of crores of rupees had they been born in any other land but India. But since they are born in this poverty-stricken land, their capacity is but poorly valued. A writer has said that most of the recent wars are due to economic causes. At the same time it can be said that the rich people are the means of doing immense good to suffering humanity. I hope also that the bank will be carried on high moral principles and I wish it every prosperity. Now I declare the premises open.”50 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “It would be a foreign mill. A swadeshi mill is one whose capital as well as management is Indian. Cloth produced in swadeshi mills should be set apart for the poor. Congress workers should wear pure khadi only.”51

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “It will have to do something very like it, i.e., will have to prove its fitness for swaraj in everything it does. Efficiency in management, perfection of manners, and a spirit of fearlessness and independence which will leave nothing to be desired—we shall have to display all this. Our management should be so perfect that we must not appear to have lost sight of the smallest detail. The arrangements for board, lodging, bathing and sanitation should be satisfying in every way. There should be a place for throwing refuse, and a place for storing water. Perfect cleanliness must meet the eye everywhere despite accumulation of waste water, refuse and night-soil. No puddles should be seen anywhere. Though latrines will be used by all, everything must present a clean appearance. Answering the call of nature is an elementary function of the body and, as all of us who will be assembling for the Congress will have their physical needs; cleanliness should receive our first attention. Khadinagar ought to provide an object-lesson in cleanliness.”52

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “If we are thinking of thrusting the whole burden of management on the Chairman of the Reception Committee, we had better write off the Congress session as a failure. The Chairman is only our agent. He can succeed and win credit only if thousands come forward to help him. Volunteers should be his hands and feet. Things can be managed only if they move round all parts of Ahmadabad and let people feel the charm of their presence. No new-comer should be at a loss to find a place for want of proper guidance, and delegates, whether known to us or not, should get all facilities.”53 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “But, in spite of these losses, the large circulation of Navajivan and other publications enables the management to devote Rs. 50,000 to public work. Swami Anandanand who is managing the Navajivan press has left it entirely to me to allocate the money and, as I know no other and better method of utilizing it, I propose to devote the sum through the agency of the Provincial Congress Committee to the spread of the spinning-wheel and khadi in Gujarat, including Kathiawar. Preference will be given to their spread among poor women and the suppressed classes. It is due to my co-workers that I should inform the public that with some of them the work is a labour of love. Where they receive payment, it is just enough for their wants. The result of such work is before the public, I know that, if from the sweeper upward I could secure selfless workers, with the efficient management I have the good fortune to have today, it would be possible to show a better surplus.”54

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “To all these friends my deepest thanks are due for coming to the rescue. The management staff was no less industrious in its zeal for the national cause.”55 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “At the present day, many rich people who are totally engrossed in the 1 Institutions for care of old and infirm cattle pursuit of wealth contribute, in their simple-mindedness, to all manner of funds without giving any thought to the matter. Those in charge of the management of the institutions which become the victims of such contributions run them in an unimaginative way and we then proceed to give them our support. Thus, all the three parties deceive themselves and believe that they are doing good. The truth is that what is thus done in the name of dharma is often the very opposite of dharma. If these three parties use their discretion and understand dharma properly and follow it, or even if one party does so, every institution will breathe the true spirit of dharma.”56

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “I would like the Congress to become progressively popular. I would, therefore, man it with mercantile, artisan and agricultural classes. I would, therefore, also keep all the boycotts intact and have on the executive only those who fully carry them out in their own persons. Those who cannot but still believe in them can help those who do carry them out, but who are inexperienced in the management of institutions or who are not known to the public as workers. It should be the privilege of educated classes to be behind and push into public life those who have hitherto kept aloof.”57 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “There is only one way for you. The management are pledged to take the untouchables into that school. That pledge cannot be broken. You must welcome the untouchables, and if, in consequence, all the students leave the school you should put up with it. If the management hand over the building to you and want to establish another school, they may do so. How can the principles proclaimed when the foundation was laid be now set aside? I shall certainly write a note on this in Navajivan.”58

Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “Is no one in Mahuwa and other towns prepared to undertake mere management of schools? If local citizens are not prepared, will not volunteers from other parts of Kathiawar undertake the work?”59 Mahatma Gandhi wrote about management in this word; “By superintending and inspecting the administration of existing pinjarapoles and cow-protection institutions, and by helping in their better organization and management, as also by establishing fresh institutions.”60

 

 

 

References:

 

  1. VOL.1: 1884 - 30 NOVEMBER, 1896; Page- 69
  2. VOL.1: 1884 - 30 NOVEMBER, 1896; Page-  92
  3. VOL.1: 1884 - 30 NOVEMBER, 1896; Page-  443
  4. VOL. 2: 13 JANUARY, 1897- 11 JULY, 1902; Page-  41
  5. LETTER TO D. B. SHUKLA; November 8, 1902
  6. VOL. 3 : 1 AUGUST, 1902 - 21 MAY, 1904; Page-  145
  7. VOL. 3 : 1 AUGUST, 1902 - 21 MAY, 1904; Page-  194
  8. Indian Opinion, 3-12-1903
  9. Indian Opinion, 31-12-1903
  10. VOL. 4 : 23 MAY, 1904 - 4 NOVEMBER, 1905; Page-  145
  11. Indian Opinion, 24-12-1904
  12. VOL. 4 : 23 MAY, 1904 - 4 NOVEMBER, 1905; Page-  159
  13. VOL. 4 : 23 MAY, 1904 - 4 NOVEMBER, 1905; Page-  271
  14. VOL. 4 : 23 MAY, 1904 - 4 NOVEMBER, 1905; Page-  275
  15. Indian Opinion, 3-6-1905
  16. Indian Opinion, 23-12-1905
  17. Indian Opinion, 28-7-1906
  18. Indian Opinion, 8-9-1906
  19. VOL. 5 : 6 NOVEMBER, 1905 - 3 NOVEMBER, 1906; Page-  375
  20. Indian Opinion, 19-3-1910
  21. Indian Opinion, 9-4-1910
  22. VOL. 11 : 11 APRIL, 1910 - 12 JULY, 1911; Page-  21
  23. VOL. 12: 15 JULY, 1911 - 8 MARCH, 1913; Page-  42
  24. Indian Opinion, 18-5-1912
  25. Indian Opinion, 14-9-1912
  26. Indian Opinion, 14-9-1912
  27. VOL. 13 : 12 MARCH, 1913 - 25 DECEMBER, 1913; Page-  200
  28. VOL. 14 : 26 DECEMBER, 1913 - 20 MAY, 1915; Page-  459
  29. Speeches and Writings of Mahatma Gandhi (4th Ed.), pp. 335
  30. The Leader, 4-10-1917
  31. VOL. 16 : 1 SEPTEMBER, 1917 - 23 APRIL, 1918; Page-  94
  32. VOL. 16 : 1 SEPTEMBER, 1917 - 23 APRIL, 1918; Page-  122
  33. VOL. 16 : 1 SEPTEMBER, 1917 - 23 APRIL, 1918; Page-  256
  34. VOL. 18 : 1 MAY, 1919 - 28 SEPTEMBER, 1919; Page-  165
  35. VOL. 18 : 1 MAY, 1919 - 28 SEPTEMBER, 1919; Page-  166
  36. Navajivan, 5-10-1919
  37. Navajivan, 25-4-1920
  38. Young India, 19-5-1920
  39. Young India, 4-8-1920
  40. Navajivan, 5-9-1920
  41. Navajivan, 3-10-1920
  42. VOL. 22 : 23 NOVEMBER, 1920 - 5 APRIL, 1921; Page-  61
  43. Young India, 9-2-1921
  44. Young India, 23-3-1921
  45. Young India, 20-4-1921
  46. VOL. 23: 6 APRIL, 1921 - 21 JULY, 1921; Page-  132
  47. Young India, 11-5-1921
  48. VOL. 23 : 6 APRIL, 1921 - 21 JULY, 1921; Page-  159
  49. Young India, 6-7-1921
  50. The Bombay Chronicle, 23-7-1921
  51. Aaj, 10-8-1921
  52. VOL. 25 : 27 OCTOBER, 1921 - 22 JANUARY, 1922; Page-  189
  53. Navajivan, 4-12-1921
  54. Young India, 3-4-1924
  55. VOL. 27 : 12 JANUARY, 1924 - 21 MAY, 1924; Page-  150
  56. Navajivan, 20-4-1924
  57. VOL.28 : 22 MAY, 1924 - 15 AUGUST, 1924; Page-  271
  58. LETTER TO FULCHAND K. SHAH; July 23, 1924
  59. VOL. 29 : 16 AUGUST, 1924 - 26 DECEMBER, 1924; Page-  9
  60. VOL. 30 : 27 DECEMBER, 1924 - 21 MARCH, 1925; Page-  142

 

 

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